Function (computer programming)

In computer programming, a function (also procedure, method, subroutine, routine, or subprogram) is a callable unit^[1] of software logic that has a well-defined interface and behavior and can be invoked multiple times.

Callable units provide a powerful programming tool.^[2] The primary purpose is to allow for the decomposition of a large and/or complicated problem into chunks that have relatively low cognitive load and to assign the chunks meaningful names (unless they are anonymous). Judicious application can reduce the cost of developing and maintaining software, while increasing its quality and reliability.^[3]

Callable units are present at multiple levels of abstraction in the programming environment. For example, a programmer may write a function in source code that is compiled to machine code that implements similar semantics. There is a callable unit in the source code and an associated one in the machine code, but they are different kinds of callable units – with different implications and features.